2025 Issue 4 at a Glance:

Esteemed colleagues,

In its fourth issue of 2025, the Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology contains six original research articles, one review, and three letters to the editor.

In their study titled “Performance of ChatGPT-4 Omni and Gemini 1.5 Pro on Ophthalmology-Related Questions in the Turkish Medical Specialty Exam”, Sabaner and Yozgat evaluated the response and interpretation capabilities of two artificial intelligence-based large language models for multiple-choice questions related to ophthalmology in medical specialty exams. Noting that ChatGPT-4o is one step ahead, the authors emphasized that aside from answering correctly, ChatGPT-4o and Gemini 1.5 Pro have the potential to improve ophthalmology medical education by providing detailed explanations (See pages 177-185).

In their study evaluating the outcomes of scleral contact lens compliance in patients with difficult corneal and ocular surface pathologies, Özçelik et al. reported that although scleral contact lenses are difficult and time-consuming to fit and disadvantageous in terms of cost, they offer good visual acuity, comfort, and stability (See pages 186-192).

In their study titled “Macular Telangiectasia Type 2: Long-Term Disease Progression and Management of Complications”, Özbek et al. examined the long-term progression of macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel) using a standardized classification system and evaluated the incidence and treatment strategies of secondary complications such as macular neovascularization (MNV) and macular hole (MH). The authors concluded that MacTel is characterized by a decrease in visual acuity and progressive deterioration of the retinal anatomy in the long term. They emphasized that although anti-VEGF treatment for MNV provides visual improvement in the short term, its long-term effectiveness is limited, and the development of MH is rare but poses a clinically significant challenge due to the limited functional results (See pages 193-199).

In their study titled “Effect of Ranibizumab in Patients with Treatment-Naïve Retinopathy of Prematurity”, Khalid et al. evaluated the effect of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) on disease regression and need for rescue treatment in 76 eyes with treatment-naive type 1 ROP and aggressive ROP (AROP). They found that ranibizumab was effective in initial disease regression, but reactivation occurred in all AROP cases and 60% of type 1 ROP cases. The authors emphasized the importance of more frequent follow-up after IVR injection, especially in AROP patients (See pages 200-206).

In their retrospective study titled “Adalimumab in Focus: Evaluating Effectiveness and Safety in Non-Infectious Uveitis at a Tertiary Referral Center in Türkiye”, Yargı Özkoçak et al. evaluated the effect of adalimumab (ADA) treatment on visual acuity, number of immunosuppressive treatments, immunosuppressive drug load, and frequency of local treatment in cases of non-infectious uveitis and reported that ADA is a safe option that provides functional benefits in different indications and age ranges, especially reducing dependence on additional treatments (See pages 207-214).

In a study titled “Prevalence and Prognosis of Glaucoma/Elevated Intraocular Pressure in Patients with Uveitis”, Esen Barış et al. reviewed the records of 2176 uveitis patients and evaluated 594 uveitic eyes with glaucoma or intraocular pressure elevation. The overall prevalence of glaucoma/elevated intraocular pressure was found to be 20.2%, with glaucoma most common among eyes with anterior uveitis (41.1%) and intraocular pressure elevation most common in intermediate uveitis (71.2%). The authors reported that medical treatment was sufficient for intraocular pressure control in 77.1% of the eyes (See pages 215-220).

The review by Bayraktar et al. discusses oculoplastic problems seen in glaucoma patients, which are frequently encountered in recent years, and the authors presented their clinical findings and treatment approaches with their own experience and original examples (See pages 221-229).

Myopia control glasses are increasingly used to slow the progression of myopia by creating peripheral myopic defocus. In the first letter to the editor, Murat Erbezci emphasized that the use of these glasses may negatively impact critical stages of children’s neurovisual development, and long-term follow-up studies on this subject are necessary (See pages 230).

In their letter to the editor, Singh et al. presented a case of Urrets-Zavalia Syndrome (UZS) after posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation. They emphasized that UZS can also develop after refraction surgery, and that early diagnosis and high intraocular pressure and rapid control of anterior chamber inflammation affect optimal visual outcomes (See pages 231-233).

Finally, Arıcı et al. described a patient who presented with bilateral infraorbital mass 10 years after dermal filler injection, which she initially denied receiving. The authors emphasized that with the rising use of fillers, hyaluronic acid dermal fillers can also be included in the differential diagnosis of solid periorbital masses, thus increasing the importance of patient and medical history to avoid unnecessary diagnostic tests (See pages 234-236).

Respectfully on behalf of the Editorial Board,

Nilgün Yıldırım, MD